Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD, is a commonly
diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood that becomes apparent
during preschool or early school years. ADHD is characterized by
inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and as per the
estimate of Surgeon General of the US, it occurs in three to
five percent of school going children. It is more common in boys
than in girls. Scientists are trying to develop newer techniques
for ADHD treatments.
ADHD in children is classified into three different categories.
These are –
* Inattentive type – It was earlier known as attention deficit
disorder and is characterized by children who are not overtly
active. This condition can easily go unnoticed.
* Hyperactive or Impulsive type – The children are hyperactive
and impulsive but are able to concentrate.
* Combined type – This is the most common form of ADHD where
the children show all the three traits i.e. inattention,
hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Though the accurate reasons have not been identified, ADHD has
been strongly linked to heredity, wherein the body of such
children is unable to make chemicals that are responsible for
organizing thoughts in the brain. There is enough research to
show that ADHD is linked to smoking and abuse of other
substances during pregnancy. To a certain extent, a
significantly low birth weight, postnatal injury to prefrontal
regions of the brain and excessive levels of lead in the blood
has also been linked to the occurrence of ADHD.
The symptoms of ADHD in a child are characterized by a certain
set of behaviors. Such children squirm and fidget a lot, they
are in constant motion, are easily distracted, do not finish
their tasks, do not seem to listen, interrupt others, have
difficulty playing quietly and often talk excessively. To
identify the occurrence of ADHD in a child, American Academy of
Pediatrics has developed a standard set of guidelines for
children in the age group of six to twelve years. It is
difficult to identify the condition in children below five years
of age. A certified pediatrician can administer this test to
diagnose if a child is suffering from ADHD. Diagnosis of ADHD is
not easy and for a child to be confirmed as suffering from ADHD,
he or she has to show six or more specific symptoms of ADHD on a
regular basis for a period of more than six months in more than
two settings. It also requires gathering the information from a
lot of independent sources to assess behavior.
Clinical studies have shown that the best long-term treatment
for ADHD should combine behavioral therapy and medication. Since
there is no single universal treatment, parents should also
evaluate natural medicine for ADHD. A lot of natural remedies
for ADHD are also becoming popular. |
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